{"id":2331,"title":{"rendered":"Pulpit of the Karuse Church"},"slug":"karuse-kiriku-kantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":"Christian Ackermann made the Karuse Church pulpit in 1697 with the assistance of a cabinetmaker and a painter. Johann Heinrich von Derfelden commissioned the pulpit and donated it to the church. The coats-of-arms of Claes Tott and Johann Heinrich von Derfelden were mounted on the sounding board. The pulpit has been redesigned in later times."},"content":{"rendered":"

Pulpit of the Karuse Church<\/strong><\/h2>\nChristian Ackermann made the Karuse church pulpit in 1697, with a joiner and a painter helping him. Claes Tott and Johann Heinrich von Derfelden commissioned the pulpit and donated it to the church. Their coats of arms are on the cartouche of the sounding board. The pulpit was redesigned at a later date.\n\n<\/div><\/div>
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    Cartouches of the pulpit\u2019s sounding board<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Johann Heinrich von Derfelden commissioned the pulpit and donated it to the church. Claes Tott\u2019s coat-of-arms has also been added to the sounding board\u2019s cartouche.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>

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    What is known about Christian Ackermann\u2019s works in the Karuse church?<\/b><\/h2>\nAckermann carved Christ as Salvator Mundi and the statues of the four evangelists to adorn the pulpit\u2019s corpus. Ackermann similarly carved the figure of St. Peter the Apostle, and perhaps also that of St. Paul. He created the decorative putto corbels (except for one) of the pulpit\u2019s corpus and the figures of angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s martyrdom standing on the sounding board, including. The figure of Christ the Invincible, which crowned the sounding board, was initially part of the pulpit\u2019s composition but was later moved to the retable\u2019s cornice. The pulpit\u2019s original composition also included Moses supporting its corpus, and the statue of a pelican with its chicks, which adorned the door portal but has since been stolen from the church.\n

    What message did the pulpit\u2019s figures convey?<\/b><\/h2>\nThe pulpit\u2019s supporting figure Moses symbolised the Old Testament and, above all, the validity of God\u2019s Ten Commandments in the Lutheran Church. The statues of Christ holding a globe with a cross and blessing the world, or Salvator Mundi, the evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and the apostles Peter and Paul point to the New Testament and the teaching of the pure Gospel. The pelican feeding its chicks with its own blood and the angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s suffering symbolise Christ\u2019s sacrificial death and the eternal life of Christ the Invincible in Christianity.\n

    What happened to the Karuse church pulpit?<\/b><\/h2>\nThe clumsy joint connecting the pulpit\u2019s corpus to the staircase\u2019s balustrade, distorting the pulpit\u2019s corpus and figures, and many other details indicate that the pulpit was relocated in the church. The pulpit may originally have been located either in the church nave on its southern side or on the northern side of the chancel arch. In the latter case, the stairway would have had to start from the chancel.\n\nThe relocation of the pulpit was evidently connected to the completion of the new retable in 1787. Figures from the pulpit were most likely used to adorn it: the statue of John the Evangelist, who was given a new, very artlessly carved hand to replace his lost hand, and the statue of Matthew the Evangelist, part of whose head had been lost and had thereafter been repaired, were raised up onto the retable\u2019s cornice. Christ the Invincible, who had previously crowned the pulpit\u2019s sounding board, was placed between them. An angel that had originally stood at the edge of the sounding board was placed at the tip of the sounding board to replace Christ the Invincible. The pulpit\u2019s iconographic programme changed as a result of this last replacement. The optimism in relation to the future that was characteristic of baroque religious art disappeared: when an angel holding a spear, an implement that had been used to torture Christ, crowns the pulpit and not the statue of Christ defeating sin and death, the message has clearly changed.\n\nA new statue that was clumsier than Ackermann\u2019s earlier figures appears to have been carved in place of Matthew, who had been removed from the pulpit. Since the attributes of Matthew\u2019s figure and the manner in which he was cut greatly resemble the figure of Paul standing on the balustrade, his statue may also be secondary. At the same time, there is also another possibility: the statues of Matthew and Paul do indeed date from Ackermann\u2019s time, but some assistant of his had carved them. (In such a case, the statue currently situated on the retable and thought to be Matthew would be someone else altogether, for instance John the Baptist, who is also sometimes depicted with a book.) Polychromy analysis of the figures supports this version.\n\nAdditionally, the originally polychromic pulpit was covered with white, dark blue and beige paint. Only one putto head of the balustrade has retained its baroque colouring.\n\nA new fateful blow struck the Karuse pulpit in the Soviet era: the statues of Salvator Mundi and Mark the Evangelist were stolen from the pulpit\u2019s corpus, while the statue of Moses was stolen from beneath the corpus and the statue of the pelican was stolen from the door portal.\n\n<\/div><\/div>
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      Renovation of the pulpit<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      The sloppy joint connecting the pulpit\u2019s corpus to the stair balustrade that disfigures the pulpit\u2019s corpus and figures, and many other details indicate that the pulpit was relocated in the church. The pulpit could originally have been situated either on the southern side of the church nave, or on the northern side of the chancel arch. In the latter case, the staircase would have had to start from the chancel. The relocation of the pulpit was evidently connected to the completion of the new retable in 1787. Figures from the pulpit were most likely used to decorate the new retable: the statues of John the Evangelist, who received a new, very clumsy hand in place of his lost hand, and Matthew the Evangelist, whose head had been repaired after part of it had been lost, were lifted up onto the retable\u2019s cornice: Christ the Invincible, who had previously crowned the pulpit\u2019s sounding board, was placed between them, and in turn an angel that had originally stood at the edge of the sounding board was lifted to the spot where Christ formerly crowned the sounding board.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>

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      Different styles of sculptures: Matthew and Paul<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      A new statue that is clumsier compared to Ackermann\u2019s earlier figures appears to have been carved in place of the statue of Matthew, which had been removed from the pulpit. Since the type and manner of carving of Matthew\u2019s statue greatly resembles the figure of Paul standing on the stair balustrade, Matthew\u2019s statue can also be secondary. At the same time, there is a second possibility \u2013 the statues of Matthew and Paul originate from Ackermann\u2019s time, but they were carved by an assistant of his. Analysis of the polychromy of the figures supports this version.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>

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      Original polychromy<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      One putto head of the stair balustrade has retained its original baroque colouring since it was hidden by some later construction element from the view of the painter who painted over the figures. The original paint has also been preserved in areas that the painter\u2019s paintbrush could not reach.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>

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      Stolen sculptures<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      A heavy blow of fate struck the Karuse pulpit during the Soviet era: Salvator Mundi and Mark the Evangelist were stolen from the pulpit\u2019s corpus, Moses was stolen from beneath the corpus, and the statue of a pelican was stolen from the door portal.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>

      \n\nVaata blogist ka sissekannet uuringute kohta<\/a>"},"map_id":"12","link":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/en\/work\/karuse-kiriku-kantsel\/","works_date_label":"1697","works_date":"1697","featured_image":{"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/www-works-KARUSEkantsel-intro-1042x892.jpg"},"timeline_image":{"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/www-works-KARUSEkantsel-ajatelg-450x400.jpg"},"menu_order":null,"objects":[{"ID":2463,"id":2463,"title":{"rendered":"Apostel Paulus ENG (KaruseKantsel)"},"post_name":"apostel-paulus-karusekantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"Paul is the best known of the disciples of Jesus thanks to the gospel of St. Luke and Paul\u2019s 13 letters in the New Testament. Before experiencing a revelation \u2013 being blinded by heavenly light and hearing the voice of Jesus \u2013 and his religious conversion, having himself baptised and regaining his sight, Paul\u2019s name was Saul and he was known as a persecutor of Christians.\r\n\r\nThereafter Paul joined the other disciples of Jesus and he became the greatest missionary of the Christian faith. Along with the Apostle Peter, Paul is considered the actual founder of the Christian Church. Although he was not among the 12 closest disciples of Jesus, he is referred to as an apostle precisely because of his role in founding the Church.\r\n\r\nThe attributes of Paul, who died a martyr\u2019s death, are a sword, with which his head was cut off, and a book containing his letters.\r\n\r\nThe feast day of the saints Peter and Paul is 29 June in the folk calendar."},"object_name":"Saint Paul the Apostle","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1967,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Paulus_KaruseK1.jpg"},{"ID":1969,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Paulus_KaruseK2.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":3394,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Karuse-kiriku-kantsel-Apostel-Paulus-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":2457,"id":2457,"title":{"rendered":"Karuse kiriku kantsel ENG t\u00f5lge p."},"post_name":"karuse-kiriku-kantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"Moses, the pulpit\u2019s supporting figure, denoted the Old Testament and above all the validity of God\u2019s Ten Commandments in the Lutheran Church. Christ holding the globe with the cross and blessing the world, in other words Salvator Mundi, and the figures of the evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and of the apostles Peter and Paul, on the other hand, denoted the New Testament and the pure teaching of the Gospel. The pelican feeding its young with its own blood and angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s suffering denoted Christ\u2019s sacrificial death, and Christ the Invincible denotes everlasting life in Christianity."},"object_name":"Pulpit","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1263,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/www-works-KARUSEkantsel-BIG.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":0,"guid":""}],"sketchfab_id":"","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":2462,"id":2462,"title":{"rendered":"Apostel Peetrus ENG (KaruseKantsel)"},"post_name":"apostel-peetrus-karusekantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"Before becoming a disciple of Jesus, he was Simon, a fisherman, to whom Jesus gave the name Peter. Once he was fishing with his brother Andreas on the shore of Lake Galilee when Jesus came to them and said: \u201cFollow me and I will make you fishers of men\u201d (Lk 4:19). Thereupon the brothers left their nets and went with Jesus.\r\n\r\nWith his fiery nature, Peter was quick to acclaim Jesus as the Messiah, but he was also the one who after the imprisonment of Jesus three times denied knowing Jesus.\r\n\r\nLater, however, after meeting the resurrected Christ, Peter became one of his most important disciples and apostles, to whom Jesus said: \u201cAnd I say unto you: you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my congregation, and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it. I give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you tie up on earth, that will also be tied in heaven, and whatever you untie on earth, that will also be untied in heaven\u201d (Mk 16:18-19).\r\n\r\nPeter preached the Word of God in Asia Minor and supposedly founded the first Christian congregation in Rome. As was the case with many followers of Jesus, Peter also suffered a martyr\u2019s death.\r\n\r\nPeter\u2019s attributes are the key (or keys) to heaven and a book.\r\n\r\nThe feast day of saints Peter and Paul is 29 June in the folk calendar."},"object_name":"Saint Peter the Apostle","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1961,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Peetrus_KaruseK1.jpg"},{"ID":1963,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Peetrus_KaruseK2.jpg"},{"ID":1959,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/PeetrusLuukas.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":3391,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Karuse-kiriku-kantsel-Apostel-Peetrus-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":1759,"id":1759,"title":{"rendered":"Angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s suffering odaga ENG (Karuse Kantsel)"},"post_name":"angels-with-the-attributes-of-christs-suffering-odaga-karuse-kantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"The crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ, the prophecy of which appears in the Old Testament, is described in all of the gospels of the New Testament. The humiliation and whipping of Christ preceded the crucifixion. His torture continued on the cross.\n\nChrist, who died on the cross, was buried and resurrected from the dead (see Christ the Invincible), is often depicted together with angels bearing the attributes of his martyrdom \u2013 a whip, a hammer and nails, pikes and a crown of thorns, a ladder, a column and a sponge filled with vinegar \u2013 and symbolising heaven and the everlasting life that follows life on earth."},"object_name":"Angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s suffering","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1692,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/KaruseKantsel_Odaga-Kannatusingel-1.jpg"},{"ID":1694,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/KaruseKantsel_Odaga-Kannatusingel-2.jpg"},{"ID":1696,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/KaruseKantsel_Odaga-Kannatusingel-3.jpg"},{"ID":1698,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/KaruseKantsel_Odaga-Kannatusingel-4.jpg"}],"xr":[{"ID":6275,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/KaruseOdaingelXR.png"},{"ID":6287,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/KaruseIngelMDF.jpg"},{"ID":3618,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kannatusingel_odaga.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":3400,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-karuse-kiriku-kantsel-kannatuseingel-odaga-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"3552817762d6477d88c876a1a3ae55c6","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":2464,"id":2464,"title":{"rendered":"Evangelist Matteus ENG (KaruseKantsel)"},"post_name":"evangelist-matteus-karusekantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"Before becoming a disciple of Christ, Matthew had been a Roman tax collector. It is presumed that Matthew wrote his gospel in Judea and later preached in Ethiopia. According to the tradition of the Old Church, his gospel was the first in the Scriptures and the command to Christianise all peoples is stated most clearly in it: \u201cGo then and make all peoples disciples \/...\/, teaching them to follow all that I have commanded to you!\u201d (Mt 28:19-20).\r\n\r\nMatthew\u2019s symbol is an angel; his attributes are a writing quill (lost from the sculpture) and a book, which refer to his writing of the gospel.\r\n\r\nSt. Matthew\u2019s Day, \u2018madisep\u00e4ev\u2019, is 21 September in the folk calendar."},"object_name":"Saint Matthew the Apostle and Evangelist","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1971,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Matteus_KaruseK.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":3397,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Karuse-kiriku-kantsel-evang-Matteus-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":2461,"id":2461,"title":{"rendered":"Evangelist Luukas ENG (KaruseKantsel)"},"post_name":"evangelist-luukas-karusekantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"The gospel that bears his name thoroughly describes the prehistory of the birth of Jesus and demonstrates that everything in this world will be fulfilled as expected in Jesus Christ. Luke also wrote down all of the convictions of the greatest missionary, the apostle Paul, and the events of his life. According to tradition, Luke also painted the Virgin Mary and Jesus.\r\n\r\nThe attribute of Luke is a (winged) ox, evidently because he stressed Christ as priest in his gospel, and because the ox is a symbol of sacrifice. The symbols of Luke as an evangelist are\u00a0 a writing quill (lost from the sculpture) and a book.\r\n\r\nSt. Luke\u2019s Day, \u2018luukap\u00e4ev\u2019, is 18 October in the folk calendar."},"object_name":"Saint Luke the Evangelist","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1957,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Luukas_KaruseK.jpg"},{"ID":1959,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/PeetrusLuukas.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":3388,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Karuse-kiriku-kantsel-evang-Luukas-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":1758,"id":1758,"title":{"rendered":"Angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s suffering with cross ENG (Karuse Kantsel)"},"post_name":"angels-with-the-attributes-of-christs-suffering-with-cross-karuse-kantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"The crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ, the prophecy of which appears in the Old Testament, is described in all of the gospels of the New Testament. The humiliation and whipping of Christ preceded the crucifixion. His torture continued on the cross.\r\n\r\nChrist, who died on the cross, was buried and resurrected from the dead (see Christ the Invincible), is often depicted together with angels bearing the attributes of his martyrdom \u2013 a whip, a hammer and nails, pikes and a crown of thorns, a ladder, a column and a sponge filled with vinegar \u2013 and symbolising heaven and the everlasting life that follows life on earth."},"object_name":"Angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s suffering","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1584,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Ristiga-Kannatusingel-1.jpg"},{"ID":1700,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/KaruseKantsel_Ristiga-Kannatusingel-2.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":3382,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Karuse-kiriku-kantsel-kannatusingel-ristiga-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":884,"id":884,"title":{"rendered":"Angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s suffering with hammer (KaruseKantsel)"},"post_name":"angels-with-the-attributes-of-christs-suffering","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"The crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ, the prophecy of which appears in the Old Testament, is described in all of the gospels of the New Testament. The humiliation and whipping of Christ preceded the crucifixion. His torture continued on the cross.\r\n\r\nChrist, who died on the cross, was buried and resurrected from the dead (see Christ the Invincible), is often depicted together with angels bearing the attributes of his martyrdom \u2013 a whip, a hammer and nails, pikes and a crown of thorns, a ladder, a column and a sponge filled with vinegar \u2013 and symbolising heaven and the everlasting life that follows life on earth."},"object_name":"Angels with the attributes of Christ\u2019s suffering","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1586,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Haamriga-Kannatusingel-1.jpg"},{"ID":1690,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/KaruseKantsel_Haamriga-Kannatusingel-2.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":3385,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Karuse-kiriku-kantsel-kannatusingel-haamriga-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":2465,"id":2465,"title":{"rendered":"V\u00e4rviline puto ENG (KaruseKantsel)"},"post_name":"varviline-puto-karusekantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":""},"object_name":"Putto","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1561,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Puto.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":2806,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-karuse-kiriku-kantsel-Puto-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"fc259e7472a946e6b4087ba534e789e1","colrecmodel":""}]}