{"id":2327,"title":{"rendered":"Pulpit of the Lihula Church"},"slug":"lihula-kiriku-kantsel","excerpt":{"rendered":"Ackermann made the pulpit at the end of the 17th century or at the outset of the 18th century for Lihula\u2019s previous church. Five figures made of linden wood have been preserved from that time: Aaron, Moses, John the Baptist, Christ and Paul. The statues have been used in the new pulpit of the new church completed in 1878, for which they were painted white."},"content":{"rendered":"

What do we know about the Lihula Church pulpit made by Christian Ackermann?<\/b><\/h2>\nWe do not know exactly what the pulpit of the old Lihula Church from Ackermann\u2019s workshop looked like: the baroque pulpit was not brought over from the old church to the new place of worship completed in neo-Gothic style in 1878. Instead, a new pulpit in neo-Gothic style was acquired that fit in better with the church\u2019s overall appearance. Yet thanks to the fact that the local master F. Lauberg made use of the figures from the old pulpit to decorate the new pulpit, it can be said: Ackermann carved at least five figures for the corpus of the pulpit of Lihula Church: Moses, the Apostle Paul, Aaron, Christ ruling and blessing the world, or Salvator Mundi and John the Baptist (lost).\n\n<\/div><\/div>
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    Sculptures carved by Ackermann<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    The figures of Aaron, Moses, John the Baptist (lost), Christ ruling and blessing the world, or Salvator Mundi, and the Apostle Paul of the new neo-Gothic pulpit\u2019s corpus were carved by Ackermann. It is possible that a statue of Peter was beside Paul on the old pulpit, as is the case in many pulpits and retables by Ackermann.\r\n\r\nThe appearance of a statue of Aaron is exceptional in Ackermann\u2019s oeuvre, as is the placement of Moses and John the Baptist on the pulpit\u2019s corpus \u2013 Moses is generally either the supporting figure of the pulpit or on the retable together with John the Baptist. The selection of such characters from the Old and New Testaments for decorating the pulpit\u2019s corpus was probably proposed with the pastor\u2019s approval by the customer who commissioned the Lihula pulpit.\r\n\r\nThe old baroque figures were painted white in the 19th<\/sup> century in order to give them the appearance of marble sculptures, which was in fashion at that time, and to add them to the new, dark brown pulpit.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>

    \n\nIt is possible that a statue of Peter was also originally beside Paul, as is the case in several of Ackermann\u2019s pulpits and retables. The appearance of a statue of Aaron is exceptional in Ackermann\u2019s oeuvre, as are the appearance of Moses and John the Baptist on the pulpit\u2019s corpus \u2013 generally speaking, Moses is either a supporting figure of the pulpit or is on the retable together with John the Baptist. This kind of selection of characters from the Old and New Testaments for decorating the pulpit\u2019s corpus was most likely proposed by the customer who commissioned the Lihula pulpit with the approval of the pastor.\n\nThanks to photographs taken in the 1930s of finds from the Lihula Church \u201cbroom closet\u201d, it can be added that naturalistic flower garlands in foliage separated the side panels of the pulpit\u2019s corpus and\/or stair balustrade from one another. Puto-head shaped reliefs also adorned the pulpit.\n\n<\/div><\/div>
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      Details of Lihula\u2019s old pulpit in historical photographs<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Thanks to photographs taken in the 1930s of the finds in the Lihula Church \u2018junk room\u2019, it is known that naturalistic flower garlands with foliage and putto head-shaped reliefs separated the side panels of the pulpit\u2019s corpus and \/ or stair balustrade from one another.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>

      \n\nBased on analogies, it can be assumed that the pulpit\u2019s corpus was supported by a pillar. The baroque pulpit evidently also had a polygonal sounding board, at the tip and corners of which stood figures. The pulpit from Ackermann\u2019s time together with its figures and ornamentation was very likely covered with polychromy, which has almost completely perished due to poor storage conditions and\/or the preparations for when the pulpit and figures were later painted over (scraping off old, loose paint).\n\nBased on the style of the surviving figures of the baroque pulpit and of its details visible in historical photographs, Ackermann made the pulpit for Lihula Church at the end of the 1690s or the outset of the 18th<\/sup> century.\n\nVaata blogist ka sissekannet uuringute kohta<\/a>\n\n \n\n "},"map_id":"10","link":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/en\/work\/lihula-kiriku-kantsel\/","works_date_label":"1700","works_date":"1700","featured_image":{"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/www-works-LIHULA-intro-1042x892.jpg"},"timeline_image":{"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/www-works-LIHULA-ajatelg-450x400.jpg"},"menu_order":null,"objects":[{"ID":1756,"id":1756,"title":{"rendered":"Moses (Lihula)"},"post_name":"moses-lihula","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"According to the Bible, Moses<\/strong> was the leader of the Israelites, took his people out of slavery in Egypt and handed down the Ten Commandments. He is the main character of the Second Book of Moses (Exodus) \u2013 it is debatable whether and to what extent he was real or legendary. Moses is an important prophet in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In the Lutheran Church, Moses symbolises the connection between the Old Testament and the New Testament, in other words the long tradition of Christianity. Moses, with his tablets of the commandments, also established the validity of Christian moral norms, according to which man may not have any other gods beside the Lord God, man may not worship pictures or statues, serve idols, use the name of the Lord God in vain, work on the day of rest, i.e. Sunday, forget to honour his mother and father, kill, commit adultery, steal, lie to his neighbour or covet his property."},"object_name":"Moses","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1710,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Mooses1.jpg"},{"ID":1712,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Mooses2.jpg"},{"ID":1714,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Mooses3.jpg"},{"ID":1716,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Mooses4.jpg"},{"ID":1718,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Mooses5.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":2810,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Lihula-kiriku-kantsel-Mooses-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"530f34d0e8214139a6abae3515417abb","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":2469,"id":2469,"title":{"rendered":"Apostel Paulus ENG (Lihula)"},"post_name":"apostel-peetrus-lihula","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"Paul is the best known of the disciples of Jesus thanks to the gospel of St. Luke and Paul\u2019s 13 letters in the New Testament. Before experiencing a revelation \u2013 being blinded by heavenly light and hearing the voice of Jesus \u2013 and his religious conversion, having himself baptised and regaining his sight, Paul\u2019s name was Saul and he was known as a persecutor of Christians.\r\n\r\nThereafter Paul joined the other disciples of Jesus and he became the greatest missionary of the Christian faith. Along with the Apostle Peter, Paul is considered the actual founder of the Christian Church. Although he was not among the 12 closest disciples of Jesus, he is referred to as an apostle precisely because of his role in founding the Church.\r\n\r\nThe attributes of Paul, who died a martyr\u2019s death, are a sword, with which his head was cut off, and a book containing his letters.\r\n\r\nThe feast day of the saints Peter and Paul is 29 June in the folk calendar."},"object_name":"Saint Paul the Apostle","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1720,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Paulus1.jpg"},{"ID":1722,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Paulus2.jpg"},{"ID":1724,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Paulus3.jpg"},{"ID":1726,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Paulus4.jpg"},{"ID":1728,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Paulus5.jpg"},{"ID":1730,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_Paulus6.jpg"},{"ID":1732,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Lihula_paulus7.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":2813,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Lihula-kiriku-kantsel-Apostel-Paulus-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"1a36bc400b644bd3ad996c0a240f90da","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":1757,"id":1757,"title":{"rendered":"Aaron (Lihula)"},"post_name":"aaron-lihula","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"In the Old Testament, Aaron<\/strong> was the older brother of Moses and Israel\u2019s first priest. His main task was to assist and support Moses. Aaron wore sacred garments as a priest, which are very exhaustively described in the Old Testament (2 Mo 1-43<\/u>) and according to which he can be distinguished unmistakably in art from among other biblical characters. Aaron\u2019s statue in a church points first and foremost to the venerability of the priesthood, and in the Lutheran Church to the venerability of the clerical office.\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\nVestments of priests<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n1<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> Then bring near to you Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, from among the people of Israel, to serve me as priests: Aaron and Aaron\u2019s sons, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.\r\n2<\/sup>\u00a0 And you shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother, for glory and for beauty!\r\n3\u00a0<\/sup> You shall speak to all the skilful, whom I have filled with a spirit of skill, that they make Aaron\u2019s garments to consecrate him for my priesthood!\r\n4<\/sup> These are the garments that they shall make: a breast-piece, an ephod, a robe, a coat of checker work, a turban, and a sash. They shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother and his sons to serve me as priests!\r\n<\/em>5<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0 <\/em>They shall receive gold, blue, purple and scarlet yarns, and fine twined linen.\r\n<\/em>6<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/sup><\/em> And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, purple and scarlet yarns, and of fine twined linen, skilfully worked!\r\n<\/em>7<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> It shall have two shoulder pieces attached to its two edges, so that it may be joined together!\r\n<\/em>8<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And the skilfully woven band on it shall be made like it and be of one piece with it: of gold, blue, purple and scarlet yarns, and fine twined linen.\r\n<\/em>9<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> You shall take two onyx stones, and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel:\r\n<\/em>10<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the remaining six on the other stone, in the order of their birth.\r\n<\/em>11<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> As a jeweller engraves signets, so shall you engrave the two stones with the names of the sons of Israel; you shall enclose them in settings of gold filigree!\r\n<\/em>12<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And you shall set the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel; and Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord on his two shoulders for remembrance!\r\n<\/em>13<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0 <\/em>You shall make settings of gold filigree,\r\n<\/em>14<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> and two chains of pure gold, twisted like cords; and you shall attach the corded chains to the settings!\r\n<\/em>15<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/sup><\/em> You shall make a breast-piece of judgement, in skilled work; in the style of the ephod you shall make it: of gold, blue, purple and scarlet yarns, and of fine twined linen shall you make it!\r\n<\/em>16<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/sup><\/em> It shall be square and doubled, a span<\/em> its length and a span its breadth.\r\n<\/em>17<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> You shall set in it four rows of stones: a row of sardius, topaz and carbuncle shall be the first row;\r\n<\/em>18<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> and the second row an emerald, a sapphire and a diamond;\r\n<\/em>19<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> and the third row a jacinth, an agate and an amethyst;\r\n<\/em>20<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> and the fourth row: a beryl, an onyx and a jasper; they shall be set in gold filigree!\r\n<\/em>21<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> There shall be twelve stones with their names according to the names of the sons of Israel; they shall be like signets, each engraved with its name, for the twelve tribes!\r\n<\/em>22<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> You shall make for the breast-piece twisted chains like cords, of pure gold!\r\n<\/em>23<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And you shall make for the breast-piece two rings of gold, and put the two rings on the two edges of the breast-piece!\r\n<\/em>24<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And you shall put the two cords of gold in the two rings at the edges of the breast-piece!\r\n<\/em>25<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> The two ends of the two cords you shall attach to the two settings of filigree, and so attach it in front to the shoulder pieces of the ephod!\r\n<\/em>26<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/sup><\/em> You shall make two rings of gold, and put them at the two ends of the breast-piece, on its inside edge next to the ephod!\r\n<\/em>27<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And you shall make two rings of gold, and attach them in front to the lower part of the two shoulder pieces of the ephod, at its seam above the skilfully woven band of the ephod!\r\n<\/em>28<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And they shall bind the breast-piece by its rings to the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, so that it may lie on the skilfully woven band of the ephod, so that the breast-piece shall not come loose from the ephod!\r\n<\/em>29<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> So Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel in the breast-piece of judgement on his heart, when he goes into the Holy Place, to bring them to regular remembrance before the Lord!\r\n<\/em>30<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/sup><\/em> And in the breast-piece of judgement you shall put the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be on Aaron\u2019s heart, when he goes in before the Lord! Thus Aaron shall bear the judgement of the people of Israel on his heart before the Lord regularly!\r\n<\/em>31<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> You shall make the robe of the ephod all of blue.\r\n<\/em>32<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> It shall have an opening for the head in the middle of it, with a woven binding around the opening, like the opening in a garment, so that it may not tear.\r\n<\/em>33<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/sup><\/em> On its hem you shall make pomegranates of blue, purple and scarlet yarns, around its hem, with bells of gold between them:\r\n<\/em>34<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> a golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, around the hem of the robe!\r\n<\/em>35<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And it shall be on Aaron when he ministers, and its sound shall be heard when he goes into the Holy Place before the Lord, and when he comes out, so that he does not die!\r\n<\/em>36<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> You shall make a plate of pure gold and engrave on it, like the engraving of a signet, \u201cHoly to the Lord!\u201d\r\n<\/em>37<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And you shall fasten it on the turban by a cord of blue. It shall be on the front of the turban!\r\n<\/em>38<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> It shall be on Aaron\u2019s forehead, and Aaron shall bear any guilt from the holy things that the people of Israel consecrate as their holy gifts; it shall regularly be on his forehead, that they may be accepted before the Lord!\r\n<\/em>39<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> You shall weave the coat in checker work of fine linen, and you shall make a turban of fine linen, and you shall make a sash embroidered with needlework!\r\n<\/em>40<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> For Aaron\u2019s sons you shall make coats, sashes and caps; and you shall make them for glory and beauty!\r\n<\/em>41<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> And you shall put them on Aaron your brother, and on his sons with him; and shall anoint them and ordain them and consecrate them, that they may serve me as priests!\r\n<\/em>42<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> You shall make for them linen undergarments to cover their naked flesh; they shall reach from the hips to the thighs;\r\n<\/em>43<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0<\/em> and they shall be on Aaron and on his sons when they go into the tent of meeting or when they come near the altar to minister in the Holy Place, lest they bear guilt and die. This shall be a statute forever for him and for his offspring after him!<\/em>\r\n\r\n "},"object_name":"Aaron","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1702,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Lihula_Aaron1.jpg"},{"ID":1704,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Lihula_Aaron2.jpg"},{"ID":1706,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Lihula_Aaron3.jpg"},{"ID":1708,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Lihula_Aaron4.jpg"}],"xr":[{"ID":3607,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/AaronProfiil.jpg"},{"ID":3605,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Aaron.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":2816,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Lihula-kiriku-kantsel-Aaron-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"d62b08a4db6845a593efbc96b302ec95","colrecmodel":""},{"ID":1745,"id":1745,"title":{"rendered":"Salvator Mundi (Lihula)"},"post_name":"salvator-mundi-lihula","excerpt":{"rendered":""},"post_content":{"rendered":"Christ with his right hand raised in blessing and his left hand holding the sphere of the earth bears the name Salvator Mundi (Latin for \u201cSaviour of the World\u201d) in Christian iconography. The earth surmounted by a cross symbolising the heavenly sphere replaces the orb of worldly rulers and refers to Christ as the ruler of heaven and earth.\n\nIn baroque pulpits, Salvator Mundi often stands among his disciples in a central position and symbolises the blessing of the congregation."},"object_name":"Salvator Mundi","menu_order":null,"photo":[{"ID":1734,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Lihula_SM1.jpg"},{"ID":1736,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Lihula_SM2.jpg"},{"ID":1738,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Lihula_SM3.jpg"},{"ID":1740,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Lihula_SM4.jpg"},{"ID":1742,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Lihula_SM5.jpg"}],"xr":[{"ID":6274,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/LihulaKristusprofiilMDF.jpg"}],"mobiili_valiku_vaade":[{"ID":3403,"guid":"https:\/\/ackermann.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fotod-detailid-Lihula-kiriku-kantsel-Salvador-Mundi-1080x900.png"}],"sketchfab_id":"","colrecmodel":""}]}